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Exam 70-411: Administering Windows Server 2012

1: Implementing a Group Policy Infrastructure

  • Group Policy
  • Implementing and Administering Group Policy Objects (GPOs)
  • Managing Group Policy Scope
  • Group Policy Processing
  • Troubleshooting the Application of GPOs

2: Managing User Desktops with Group Policy

  • Implementing Administrative Templates
  • Configuring Folder Redirection and Scripts
  • Configuring Group Policy Preferences
  • Managing Software with Group Policy

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3: Managing User and Service Accounts

  • Automating User Account Management
  • Configuring Password-Policy and User-Account Lockout
  • Configuring Managed Service Accounts

4: Maintaining Active Directory Domain Services

  • Implementing Virtualized Domain Controllers
  • Implementing Read-Only Domain Controllers
  • Administering AD DS
  • Managing the AD DS Database

5: Configuring and Troubleshooting Domain Name System (DNS)

  • Installing the DNS Server Role
  • Configuring the DNS Server Role
  • Configuring DNS Zones
  • Configuring DNS Zone Transfers
  • Managing and Troubleshooting DNS

6: Configuring and Troubleshooting Remote Access

  • Configuring Network Access
  • Configuring VPN Access
  • Network Policies
  • Troubleshooting Routing and Remote Access
  • Configuring DirectAccess
9.1.1 Adding Performance Counters 
To monitor the performance of an object, you must add the appropriate counter that is relevant to the aspects 
of the object you want to monitor. To add counters to an object in System Monitor, do the following: 
 
• Click on the 
START
 button 
• Point to 
ALL PROGRAMS
 
• Click on 
ADMINISTRATIVE TOOLS
 
• Click on 
PERFORMANCE
 
• In the console tree, click 
SYSTEM MONITOR
 
• Right-click anywhere in the Details pane 
• On the pop-up menu, click 
ADD COUNTERS
 
• In the Performance Object drop-down box, select the 
OBJECT
 for which you want to 
add counters 
• Select the appropriate 
COUNTER
 from the list 
• Click 
ADD
 
• When you have selected the desired objects and counters, click 
CLOSE
 
 
TABLE 9.1: Some Useful Performance Counters 
Counter 
Comment 
Memory: Available Bytes The amount of physical memory, in bytes, available to 
processes running on the computer. If this is less than 
4MB, check for memory leaks and add RAM if necessary. 
Memory: Pages/sec 
The rate at which pages are read from or written to disk to 
resolve hard page faults. This counter is a primary 
indicator of the kinds of faults that cause system-wide 
delays. If more than 20, investigate paging settings. 
Paging File: % Usage 
The amount of the Page File instance in use in percent. 
The Paging File value should match up with the previous 
two values. A value exceeding 70 percent is not healthy 
for the system. 
PhysicalDisk: Avg. Disk 
Queue Length 
The average number of both read and write requests that 
were queued for the selected disk during the sample 
interval. A count of up to 2 is acceptable. 
Logical Disk: Free Megabytes The unallocated space, in megabytes, on the disk drive. If 
below 15% of the total disk size, clear more disk space or 
increase logical disk space. 
Physical Disk: %Disk Time, 
Logical Disk: %Disk Time 
The percentage of time that the selected disk drive was 
busy servicing read or write requests. If consistently 
above 90%, the disk is not being read quickly enough. 
This could be a hardware issue. It could also be that the 
amount of data on the disk is too large. 
Processor: % Processor Time The percentage of elapsed time that the processor spends 
to execute a non-Idle thread.  If consistently above 80%, 
find the process-intensive processes and move them to 
separate processors or add adding another processor or by 
upgrading to a faster processor. 
Processor: Interrupts/sec 
The average rate, in incidents per second, at which the 
processor received and serviced hardware interrupts. If 
the counter value increases without additional processes, 
the cause could be hardware related. 
Server: Bytes Total/sec 
The number of bytes the server has sent to and received 
from the network. If all your servers’ Bytes Total/sec is 
the same and similar to the maximum network speed, you 
might need to increase the network bandwidth. 
Server: Pool Paged Peak  
The maximum number of bytes of paged pool the server 
has had allocated.  This indicates the proper sizes of the 
Page File(s) and physical memory. This counter should 
not be greater than the physical RAM value. If it is, add 
more RAM. 
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Best Practices for NPS

Updated: March 14, 2008

Applies To: Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2

This topic provides best practices for implementing and configuring NPS and is based on recommendations from Microsoft Product Support Services.

Installation

Before installing NPS, do the following:
  • Install and test each of your network access servers by using local authentication methods before you make them RADIUS clients.

     
  • After you install and configure NPS, save the configuration by using the netsh nps export command. Use this command to save the NPS configuration to an XML file every time a configuration change is made.

     
  • If you install additional Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) types on your NPS server, ensure that you document the server configuration in case you need to rebuild the server or duplicate the configuration on other NPS servers.

     
  • If you install additional system health validators (SHVs) on your NPS server, ensure that you document the server configuration in case you need to rebuild the server or duplicate the configuration on other NPS servers.

     
  • Do not install Windows Server 2008 on the same partition with another version of Windows Server.

     
  • Do not configure a server running NPS or the Routing and Remote Access service as a member of a Windows NT Server 4.0 domain if your user accounts database is stored on a domain controller running Windows Server 2008 in another domain. Doing this will cause Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) queries from the NPS server to the domain controller to fail.

    Instead, configure your server running NPS or Routing and Remote Access as a member of a Windows Server 2008 domain. An alternative is to configure a server running NPS as a RADIUS proxy server that forwards authentication and accounting requests from the Windows NT Server 4.0 domain to an NPS server in the Windows Server 2008 domain.

     

Client computer configuration

Following are the best practices for client computer configuration:
  • Automatically configure all of your domain member 802.1X client computers by using Group Policy.

     
  • Automatically configure all of your domain member NAP-capable clients by importing NAP client configuration files into Group Policy.

     

Authentication

Following are the best practices for authentication:
  • Use authentication methods, such as Protected Extensible Authentication Protocol (PEAP) and Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP), that provide authentication types, such as Transport Layer Security (EAP-TLS and PEAP-TLS) and Microsoft Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol version two (PEAP-MS-CHAP v2), that support the use of certificates for strong authentication. Do not use password-based authentication methods because they are vulnerable to a variety of attacks and are not secure.

     
  • Use PEAP, which is required for all Network Access Protection (NAP) enforcement methods. Determine the PEAP authentication types that you want to use, such as PEAP-TLS and PEAP-MS-CHAP v2, and then plan and deploy your public key infrastructure (PKI) to ensure that all computers and users can enroll the certificates required by the authentication types.

     
  • Deploy a certification authority (CA) by using Active Directory® Certificate Services (AD CS) if you use strong certificate-based authentication methods that require the use of a server certificate on NPS servers. You can also use your CA to deploy computer certificates to domain member computers and user certificates to members of the Users group in Active Directory.

     

Security issues

Your NPS server provides authentication, authorization, and accounting for connection attempts to your organization network. You can protect your NPS server and RADIUS messages from unwanted internal and external intrusion.

When you are administering an NPS server remotely, do not send sensitive or confidential data (for example, shared secrets or passwords) over the network in plaintext. There are two recommended methods for remote administration of NPS servers:

  • Use Remote Desktop Connection to access the NPS server.

    When Remote Desktop Connection users log on, they can view only their individual client sessions, which are managed by the server and are independent of each other. In addition, Remote Desktop Connection provides 128-bit encryption between client and server.

     
  • Use Internet Protocol security (IPsec) to encrypt confidential data.

    If you manage one or more remote NPS servers from a local NPS server by using the NPS Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in, you can use IPsec to encrypt communication between the local NPS server and the remote NPS server.

     

Accounting

There are two types of accounting, or logging, in NPS:
  • Event logging for NPS. You can use event logging to record NPS events in the system and security event logs. Recording NPS events to the security event log is a new feature in Windows Server 2008, and much more information is logged for NPS than in previous operating system versions for Internet Authentication Service (IAS). This information is used primarily for auditing and troubleshooting connection attempts.

     
  • Logging user authentication and accounting requests. You can log user authentication and accounting requests to log files in text format or database format, or you can log to a stored procedure in a SQL Server 2000, SQL Server 2005, or SQL Server 2008 database. Request logging is used primarily for connection analysis and billing purposes, and is also useful as a security investigation tool, providing you with a method of tracking down activity after an attack.

     

To make the most effective use of NPS logging:

  • Turn on logging (initially) for both authentication and accounting records. Modify these selections after you have determined what is appropriate for your environment.

     
  • Ensure that event logging is configured with a capacity that is sufficient to maintain your logs.

     
  • Back up all log files on a regular basis because they cannot be recreated after they are damaged or deleted.

     
  • For billing purposes, use the RADIUS Class attribute to both track usage and simplify the identification of which department or user to charge for usage. Although the automatically generated Class attribute is unique for each request, duplicate records might exist in cases when the reply to the access server is lost and the request is resent. You might need to delete duplicate requests from your logs to accurately track usage.

     
  • If you use SQL Server logging, ensure that you store credentials and other connection properties in a secure location. This information is not exported to file when you use the netsh nps export command.

     
  • To provide failover and redundancy with SQL Server logging, place two computers running SQL Server on different subnets. Use the SQL Server tools to set up database replication between the two servers. For more information, see SQL Server documentation.
     

 

 

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