JOIN THE BEST
MCITP Boot Camp,
MCSE
Boot Camp also CCNA ,
CCNP Certification
Boot Camp Training program.
100% Guaranteed
- Lowest Fees, Highest
Passing Rate.
MCSE Boot Camp Certification
MCITP MCSE and CCNA Certification Notes Series :
MCSE 2016 Boot Camp
:
Azure Boot camp :
CCNA / CCNAX
Boot Camp:
CCNA Boot Camp
Cisco Hierarchical Model:
For more information about this, please read our
separate tutorial titled "The
Cisco Hierarchical Model".
OSI Model:
The OSI model is a layered model and a
conceptual standard used for defining standards
to promote multi-vendor integration as well as
maintain constant interfaces and isolate changes
of implementation to a single layer. It is NOT
application or protocol specific. In order to
pass any Cisco exam, you need to know the OSI
model inside and out.
The OSI Model consists of 7 layers as follows:
Layer |
Description |
Device |
Protocol |
Application |
Provides network access for
applications, flow control and error
recovery. Provides communications
services to applications by identifying
and establishing the availability of
other computers as well as to determine
if sufficient resources exist for
communication purposes. |
Gateway |
NCP, SMB, SMTP, FTP, SNMP, Telnet,
Appletalk |
Presentation |
Performs protocol conversion, encryption
and data compression |
Gateway and redirectors |
NCP, AFP, TDI |
Session |
Allows 2 applications to communicate
over a network by opening a session and
synchronizing the involved computers.
Handles connection establishment, data
transfer and connection release |
Gateway |
NetBios |
Transport |
Repackages messages into smaller
formats, provides error free delivery
and error handling functions |
Gateway |
NetBEUI, TCP, SPX, and NWLink |
Network |
Handles addressing, translates logical
addresses and names to physical
addresses, routing and traffic
management. |
Router and brouter |
IP, IPX, NWLink, NetBEUI |
**Data Link |
Packages raw bits into frames making it
transmitable across a network link and
includes a cyclical redundancy check(CRC).
It consists of the LLC sublayer and the
MAC sublayer. The MAC sublayer is
important to remember, as it is
responsible for appending the MAC
address of the next hop to the frame
header. On the contrary, LLC sublayer
uses Destination Service Access Points
and Source Service Access Points to
create links for the MAC sublayers. |
Switch, bridge and brouter |
None |
Physical |
Physical layer works with the physical
media for transmitting and receiving
data bits via certain encoding schemes.
It also includes specifications for
certain mechanical connection features,
such as the adaptor connector. |
Multiplexer and repeater |
None |
Here is an easy way to memorize the order of the
layers:
All People Seem To Need Data Processing.
The first letter of each word corresponds to the
first letter of one of the layers. It is a
little corny, but it works.
Class |
Range |
Explanation |
A |
1-126 |
IP addresses can be class A, B or C.
Class A addresses are for networks with
a large number of hosts. The first octet
is the netid and the 3 remaining octets
are the hostid. Class B addresses are
used in medium to large networks with
the first 2 octets making up the netid
and the remaining 2 are the hostid. A
class C is for smaller networks with the
first 3 octets making up the netid and
the last octet comprising the hostid.
The later two classes aren’t used for
networks. |
B |
128-191 |
C |
192-223 |
D |
224-239 (Multicasting) |
E |
240-255 (Experimental) |
A subnet mask blocks out a portion of an IP
address and is used to differentiate between the
hostid and netid. The default subnet masks are
as follows:
Class |
Default Subnet |
# of Subnets |
# of Hosts Per Subnet |
Class A |
255.0.0.0 |
126 |
16,777,214 |
Class B |
255.255.0.0 |
16,384 |
65,534 |
Class C |
255.255.255.0 |
2,097,152 |
254 |
In these cases, the part of the IP address
blocked out by 255 is the Net ID.
3COM’s IP addressing tutorial is
just superior. It covers basic IP addressing
options as well as subnetting and VLSM/CIDR.
IPX/SPX:
IPX will also be an important issue to consider
in network management given the fact there many
companies still use Netware servers. There are
two parts to every IPX Network address - the
Network ID and the Host ID. The first 8 hex
digits represent the network ID, while the
remaining hex digits represent the host ID,
which is most likely the same as the MAC
address, meaning we do not need to manually
assign node addresses. Note that valid
hexadecimal digits range from 0 through 9, and
hexadecimal letters range from A through F.
FFFFFFFF in hexadecimal notation = 4292967295 in
decimal.
Sequenced Packet Exchange(SPX) belongs to the
Transport layer, and is connection-oriented. It
creates virtual circuits between hosts, and that
each host is given a connection ID in the SPX
header for identifying the connection. Service
Advertisement Protocol(SAP) is used by NetWare
servers to advertise network services via
broadcast at an interval of every 60 minutes by
default.
|
Configuration
Register
Routers use a 16-bit software configuration register, with which you can set
specific system parameters. Settings for the software configuration register are
written into nonvolatile random access memory (NVRAM).
Some reasons for changing the software configuration
register settings are as follows:
- To set and display the configuration register value
- To force the system into the ROM monitor or boot ROM
- To select a boot source and default boot filename
- To enable or disable the Break function
- To control broadcast addresses
- To set the console terminal baud rate
- To load operating software from Flash memory
- To enable booting from a Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) server
- To recover a lost password
- To manually boot the system using the boot command at the bootstrap program
prompt.
- To force the switch router to boot automatically from the system bootstrap
software (boot image) or from its default system image in onboard Flash memory,
and read any boot system commands that are stored in the configuration file in
NVRAM
Boot Field
Config Register # |
2 |
1 |
0 |
2 |
Bit Number |
15 14 13 12 |
11 10 9 8 |
7 6 5 4 |
3 2 1 0 |
Binary |
0 0 1 0 |
0 0 0 1 |
0 0 0 0 |
0 0 1 0 |
The lowest four bits of the configuration register (bits 3, 2, 1, and 0) form
the boot field. The order in which the switch/router looks for system bootstrap
information depends on the boot field setting in the configuration register.
When the boot field is set to either 0 or 1 (0-0-0-0 or 0-0-0-1), the system
ignores any boot instructions in the system configuration file and the following
occurs:
- When the boot field is set to 1 (the factory default), you will boot from an
IOS image stored in ROM.
- When the boot field is set to 0, you must boot the operating system manually
by giving a boot command to the system bootstrap program, or ROM
monitor.
Boot Command
You can enter the boot command only, or include additional boot
instructions with the command, such as the name of a file stored in Flash memory
or a file that you specify for booting from a network tftp server.
If you use the boot command without specifying a file or any other
boot instructions, the system boots from the default Flash image (the first
image in onboard Flash memory). Otherwise, you can instruct the system to
boot from a specific Flash image (using the boot system flash filename
command), or boot from a network server by sending broadcast TFTP requests
(using the boot system filename command), or by sending a direct
TFTP request to a specific server (using the boot system filename
ip address command).
You can also use the boot command to boot images stored in the
Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) Flash memory
cards in the route processor. If you set the boot field to any bit pattern
other than 0 or 1, the system uses the resulting number to form a filename for
booting over the network. The system uses the filename to invoke the
system image by booting over the net. However, if the configuration file
contains any boot instructions, the system uses those boot instructions instead
of the filename it computed from the configuration register settings.
You must set the boot field for the boot functions you require. For
more detailed information on the software configuration register features, refer
to the following sections.
Changing the Software Configuration Register
Settings for the software configuration register are written into NVRAM.
The factory default value for Cisco router is 0x2102.
You can change the default configuration register setting with the enabled
config-mode command config-register. Use a hexadecimal number as
the argument to this command. For example, the command
Router(config)# config-register 0x2100
configures the router to boot to ROM monitor mode.
A Summary of Boot Tasks and Their Register Values
To change the boot field and leave all the other bits set to their default
values, follow these guidelines:
- To enter the ROM monitor (primarily a programmer's environment), set the
configuration register value to 0x2100. This value sets the boot field
bits to 0-0-0-0.
- From the ROM monitor, boot the operating system manually by issuing the
boot command at the ROM monitor prompt.
- To boot the system automatically from ROM, set the configuration register to
0x2101. This value sets the boot field bits to 0-0-0-1.
- To configure the system to use the boot system commands in NVRAM, set the
configuration register to any value from 0x2102 to 0x210F. These values
set the boot field bits to 0-0-1-0 through 1-1-1-1.
Software Configuration Register
Bit Number |
Hexadecimal |
Meaning |
00 to 03 |
0x0000 to 0x000F |
Boot field |
06 |
0x0040 |
Causes system software to ignore NVRAM contents |
07 |
0x0080 |
OEM bit enabled |
08 |
0x0100 |
Break disabled |
09 |
0x0200 |
Use secondary bootstrap |
10 |
0x0400 |
IP broadcast with all zeros |
11 to 12 |
0x0800 to 0x1000 |
Console line speed (default is 9600 baud) |
13 |
0x2000 |
Boot default Flash software if network boot fails |
14 |
0x4000 |
IP broadcasts do not have network numbers |
15 |
0x8000 |
Enable diagnostic messages and ignore NVRAM contents |
Configuration Register Boot Field
Boot Field |
Meaning |
Used For: |
00 |
ROM monitor mode |
To boot to ROM monitor mode, set the configuration register to
2100. You must then manually boot the router with the b command. The router will
show a rommon> prompt. |
01 |
Boot image from ROM |
To boot an IOS image stored in ROM, set the configuration
register to 2101. The router will show the router(boot)> prompt.
|
02 to 0F |
Specifies a default boot filename |
Any value from 2102 to 210F tells the router to use the boot
commands specified in NVRAM. |
Understanding the Boot Field Commands
The lowest four bits of the software configuration register (bits 3, 2, 1,
and 0) form the boot field. The boot field specifies a number in
binary form which you have to convert to Hexadecimal to use in the configuration
register. If you set the boot field value to 0, you must boot the
operating system manually by entering the boot command at the bootstrap
prompt ( either > or for newer platforms rommon> ).
Definitions of the Boot Command Options
Command |
Function |
boot |
Boots the default system software from Flash memory. |
boot flash [filename] |
Boots the first file in onboard Flash memory. The optional
filename argument is the name of the system image file to boot from onboard
Flash memory. |
boot filename [ip address] |
Boots from server host using TFTP. IP address of the
TFTP server on which the system image resides. If omitted, this value defaults
to the IP broadcast address of 255.255.255.255 |
Changing Register Settings While Running System Software
To change the configuration register while running the system software,
follow these steps:
Step 1 At the privileged EXEC prompt (Router#), enter the
configure terminal command to enter global configuration mode.
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#
Step 2 Set the contents of the configuration register by entering the
config-register value configuration command, where value
is a hexadecimal number preceded by 0x as in the following example:
Router(config)# config-register 0x2142
Step 3 Press Ctrl-Z to exit Global Configuration mode.
Step 4 Display the current configuration register value, which will be
used at the next system reload, by entering the show version command.
The value is displayed on the last line of the screen display, as in the
following example:
Configuration register is 0x2102 (will be 0x2142 at next reload)
Step 5 Restart the router.
Changes to the configuration register take effect only when the system
reloads.
Router# reload
Proceed with reload? [confirm]
%SYS-5-RELOAD: Reload Requested
|
Call Now : 800-519-
2267
Testimonials
|
If you're serious about getting certified,
this is the place to go. Definitely worth
their competitive price. Excellent
instructors, making it possible for anyone
to learn no matter what your level of
experience or knowledge.
Michael Doty
|
|
Vibrant
offers
MCITP MCSE
certification
training
boot camp
for $5400
all inclusive,
instructor
led at
California
and
Baltimore.
Ref1
:
Ref2
:
link
:
resources
:
Tcp/ip
MCITP MCSE CCNA CCNP Boot Camp Schedule by Vibrant
boot camps
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp Proven
MCITP MCSE Boot camp Training
for MCITP MCSE Certification Fast
MCITP
MCSE CCNA CCNP Boot Camp Schedule by
Vibrant boot camps
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp - Proven Boot camp
for MCITP MCSE at Baltimore, Maryland
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp Payment Gateway to get
MCITP MCSE
Certification Fast!
CCNA 801 Boot Camp by Vibrant boot camps,
join MCITP MCSE camps
CCNA Boot Camp by Vibrant boot camps,
join MCITP MCSE camps
CCNP Boot Camp by Vibrant boot camps,
join CCNP camps
MCITP
MCSE Boot Camp compare Vibrant boot
camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
Comptia Security+ Boot Camp by
Vibrant boot camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp contact Vibrant boot camps,
join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp course fees Vibrant boot
camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp FAQ by Vibrant boot camps,
join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp location by Vibrant boot
camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp location by Vibrant boot
camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP
MCSE Boot Camp MCITP MCSE Certification also
MCITP MCSE Training Boot Camp
MCITP
MCSE Boot Camp by Vibrant boot
camps, join MCITP MCSE camps, MCITP MCSE Cert
MCITP
MCSE Boot Camp by Vibrant boot
camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP
MCSE Boot Camp by Vibrant boot
camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP
MCSE Boot Camp by Vibrant boot
camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP MCSE Security Boot Camp MCITP MCSE
14days all_incl MCITP MCSE Certifiation boot camp
MCITP MCSE Security Boot Camp by
Vibrant boot camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP MCSE Security Boot Camp by
Vibrant boot camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP MCSE Security Boot Camp by
Vibrant boot camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP MCSE Security Boot Camp by
Vibrant boot camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp Payment Gateway to get
MCITP MCSE
Certification Fast!
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp Refunds
MCITP
MCSE CCNA CCNP Boot Camp Register by
Vibrant boot camps
MCITP
MCSE Boot Camp Testimonials by Vibrant
boot camps
MCITP MCSE Boot Camp Payment Gateway to get
MCITP MCSE
Certification Fast!
MCITP
MCSE Boot Camp MCITP MCSE Certification
also MCITP MCSE Training Boot Camp
Microsoft Vista
Certification Boot Camp for Vista training boot camps
MCITP MCSE CCNA CCNP Boot Camp Register by Vibrant
boot camps
MCITP
MCSE Boot Camp all inclusive bootcamp
Vibrant boot camps, join MCITP MCSE camps
MCITP
MCSE CCNA CCNP Boot Camp Register by
Vibrant boot camps
|